Referencing is an essential academic skill. It shows good practice, credits others’ ideas and work, and helps readers locate your sources.
You need to reference when:
You do not need to reference when:
Every reference includes:
An in-text citation
A reference at the end of your work
The references at the end of your work form your list of "References". Remember to cite and reference each source that you use.
You can find guidance on how to reference for all of the major referencing styles on the Cite Them Right platform. Choose the option to "Login via your Institution".
In addition, your Academic Librarian will deliver sessions on referencing as part of your taught programme and you can also a book tutorial if you want further guidance.
Most UON courses will require you to use Harvard referencing. However, some courses will require you to use a subject specific referencing style.
You should always check with your tutor which style they want you to use.
Below is a table showing which referencing styles are currently in use by particular subjects:
Subject | Referencing Systems |
Most programmes | Harvard (Cite Them Right 13th Edition Harvard) |
* Most programmes | Harvard (UON Harvard) - pre-2025 entry students |
Law | OSCOLA |
Psychology | APA 7th |
History | MHRA 4th (* please see the History specific guidance) |
English and Creative Writing | MLA 9th |
Fine Art, Painting and Drawing | Chicago 18th |
Fine Art, Painting and Drawing | Running Notes with Harvard - pre-2025 entry students |
* Please note, from September 2025 the University will be using Cite Them Right Harvard, which will replace UON Harvard. However, if you are a returning student (pre-2025 entry) you can either use Cite Them Right Harvard or use UON Harvard if you prefer. The guidance for UON Harvard is still available on our web pages.
Cite Them Right Harvard is very similar to UON Harvard, but there are some small differences, so we have created a comparison table showing the key differences.